IMPROVE GLUCOSE METABOLISM~ By increasing GLUT 4 expression during exercise which brings more glucose into the muscle cells and stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells of the pancreas, thus, regulating glucose levels in the blood.
INCREASE MUSCLE MASS~ Through acting as an anabolic stimulus for muscle protein synthesis via the mTOR pathway, altering myokines (myostatin and IGF-1), enhanced cell proliferation and growth, especially type ll muscle fibers, thus, increasing muscle formation.
INCREASE ENERGY LEVELS~ Through phosphocreatine accumulation which acts as a battery to regenerate levels of ATP, the energy currency of cells, with the help of creatine kinase enzyme.
IMPROVE COGNITIVE FUNCTION~ By affecting GABA-A receptors which stimulate the CNS increasing cerebral creatine concentration to provide energy to the brain and spinal cord and enhancing creatine levels in pyramidal cells, improving memory and learning.
BOOST MUSCLE RECOVERY~ Through enhancing myofibrillar protein synthesis and increase in satellite cell number and myonuclei concentration, thus, triggering muscle regeneration. Enhanced calcium buffering capacity prevents additional damage to muscle fibers.
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